DYNAMIC DISPATCH VIA VTABLE:
Base Pointer ptr ──> Derived Object Instance
├── vptr ────────> Derived Class vtable
│ └── [0] -> Derived::render()
└── Member Dataoverride: Verifies that a base class virtual function with the exact same signature exists.final: Prevents further derived classes from overriding the virtual method or inheriting the class.#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
class GraphicShape {
public:
virtual ~GraphicShape() = default; // Virtual destructor mandatory for polymorphism
virtual void draw() const {
std::cout << "Drawing generic shape
";
}
};
class Circle : public GraphicShape {
public:
void draw() const override { // C++11 override specifier
std::cout << "Drawing precise vector Circle (radius: 10)
";
}
};
int main() {
std::unique_ptr<GraphicShape> shape = std::make_unique<Circle>();
shape->draw(); // Dynamically dispatches to Circle::draw()
return 0;
}override specifier.virtual ~Base() = default; destructor in polymorphic base classes.final when a class or virtual function is not intended to be further extended.