┌───────────┬────────────────┬─────────────────┬─────────────────┐
│ Specifier │ Same Class │ Derived Class │ Outside World │
├───────────┼────────────────┼─────────────────┼─────────────────┤
│ public │ Accessible │ Accessible │ Accessible │
│ protected │ Accessible │ Accessible │ Inaccessible │
│ private │ Accessible │ Inaccessible │ Inaccessible │
└───────────┴────────────────┴─────────────────┴─────────────────┘class D : public B: Public remains public, protected remains protected.class D : protected B: Public and protected both become protected in D.class D : private B: All base members become private in D.#include <iostream>
#include <string>
class Employee {
private:
double salary; // Hidden completely from outside and derived classes
protected:
std::string internalDepartment; // Accessible to derived subclasses
public:
std::string name; // Accessible to everyone
Employee(std::string n, std::string dept, double sal)
: salary(sal), internalDepartment(std::move(dept)), name(std::move(n)) {}
double getSalary() const { return salary; } // Controlled public getter
};
class Manager : public Employee {
public:
Manager(std::string n, double sal) : Employee(std::move(n), "Management", sal) {}
void showDetails() const {
// Can access 'name' (public) and 'internalDepartment' (protected)
std::cout << "Manager: " << name << " | Department: " << internalDepartment
<< " | Salary: $" << getSalary() << "\n";
}
};
int main() {
Manager mgr("Alice Vance", 95000.0);
mgr.showDetails();
std::cout << "Public name: " << mgr.name << "\n";
// mgr.internalDepartment -> ERROR (Protected outside)
// mgr.salary -> ERROR (Private)
return 0;
}