Functions, Classes, and Patterns

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Last updated: October 2026 110 Verified Examples
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Popular Examples110
Python "Hello, World!" ProgramPython Variables and TypesPython Arithmetic OperationsPython Strings BasicsPython Lists and LoopsPython DictionariesPython FunctionsPython ClassesPython ExceptionsPython File I/OPython GeneratorsPython DecoratorsPython Lambda, map, filterPython Program to Add Two NumbersPython Program to Find the Square RootPython Program to Calculate the Area of a TrianglePython Program to Solve Quadratic EquationPython Program to Swap Two VariablesPython Program to Generate a Random NumberPython Program to Convert Kilometers to MilesPython Program to Convert Celsius To FahrenheitPython Program to Check if a Number is Positive, Negative or 0Python Program to Check if a Number is Odd or EvenPython Program to Check Leap YearPython Program to Find the Largest Among Three NumbersPython Program to Check Prime NumberPython Program to Print all Prime Numbers in an IntervalPython Program to Find the Factorial of a NumberPython Program to Display the multiplication TablePython Program to Print the Fibonacci sequencePython Program to Check Armstrong NumberPython Program to Find Armstrong Number in an IntervalPython Program to Find the Sum of Natural NumbersPython Program to Display Powers of 2 Using Anonymous FunctionPython Program to Find Numbers Divisible by Another NumberPython Program to Convert Decimal to Binary, Octal and HexadecimalPython Program to Find ASCII Value of CharacterPython Program to Find HCF or GCDPython Program to Find LCMPython Program to Find the Factors of a NumberPython Program to Make a Simple CalculatorPython Program to Shuffle Deck of CardsPython Program to Display CalendarPython Program to Display Fibonacci Sequence Using RecursionPython Program to Find Sum of Natural Numbers Using RecursionPython Program to Find Factorial of Number Using RecursionPython Program to Convert Decimal to Binary Using RecursionPython Program to Add Two MatricesPython Program to Transpose a MatrixPython Program to Multiply Two MatricesPython Program to Check Whether a String is Palindrome or NotPython Program to Remove Punctuations From a StringPython Program to Sort Words in Alphabetic OrderPython Program to Illustrate Different Set OperationsPython Program to Count the Number of Each VowelPython Program to Merge MailsPython Program to Find the Size (Resolution) of an ImagePython Program to Find Hash of FilePython Program to Create Pyramid PatternsPython Program to Merge Two DictionariesPython Program to Safely Create a Nested DirectoryPython Program to Access Index of a List Using for LoopPython Program to Flatten a Nested ListPython Program to Slice ListsPython Program to Iterate Over Dictionaries Using for LoopPython Program to Sort a Dictionary by ValuePython Program to Check If a List is EmptyPython Program to Catch Multiple Exceptions in One LinePython Program to Copy a FilePython Program to Concatenate Two ListsPython Program to Check if a Key is Already Present in a DictionaryPython Program to Split a List Into Evenly Sized ChunksPython Program to Parse a String to a Float or IntPython Program to Print Colored Text to the TerminalPython Program to Convert String to DatetimePython Program to Get the Last Element of the ListPython Program to Get a Substring of a StringPython Program to Print Output Without a NewlinePython Program Read a File Line by Line Into a ListPython Program to Randomly Select an Element From the ListPython Program to Check If a String Is a Number (Float)Python Program to Count the Occurrence of an Item in a ListPython Program to Append to a FilePython Program to Delete an Element From a DictionaryPython Program to Create a Long Multiline StringPython Program to Extract Extension From the File NamePython Program to Measure the Elapsed Time in PythonPython Program to Get the Class Name of an InstancePython Program to Convert Two Lists Into a DictionaryPython Program to Differentiate Between type() and isinstance()Python Program to Trim Whitespace From a StringPython Program to Get the File Name From the File PathPython Program to Represent enumPython Program to Return Multiple Values From a FunctionPython Program to Get Line Count of a FilePython Program to Find All File with .txt Extension Present Inside a DirectoryPython Program to Get File Creation and Modification DatePython Program to Get the Full Path of the Current Working DirectoryPython Program to Iterate Through Two Lists in ParallelPython Program to Check the File SizePython Program to Reverse a NumberPython Program to Compute the Power of a NumberPython Program to Count the Number of Digits Present In a NumberPython Program to Check If Two Strings are AnagramPython Program to Capitalize the First Character of a StringPython Program to Compute all the Permutation of the StringPython Program to Create a Countdown TimerPython Program to Count the Number of Occurrence of a Character in StringPython Program to Remove Duplicate Element From a ListPython Program to Convert Bytes to a String
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Python Decorators

Wrap functions to add behavior.

Source Code
def log(fn):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        print("calling", fn.__name__)
        return fn(*args, **kwargs)
    return wrapper

@log
def add(a, b):
    return a + b

print(add(2, 3))
Expected Output
calling add
5

Python Functions

Define and call functions with default and keyword arguments.

Source Code
def greet(name: str, punctuation: str = "!") -> str:
    return f"Hello, {name}{punctuation}"

print(greet("Ann"))
print(greet("Bob", punctuation="."))
Expected Output
Hello, Ann!
Hello, Bob.

Python Classes

Create a simple class with methods and attributes.

Source Code
class Counter:
    def __init__(self):
        self.value = 0
    def increment(self):
        self.value += 1
    def get(self):
        return self.value

c = Counter()
c.increment()
print(c.get())
Expected Output
1

Python Lambda, map, filter

Use lambda with map and filter.

Source Code
nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
squares = list(map(lambda x: x * x, nums))
evens = list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, nums))
print(squares)
print(evens)
Expected Output
[1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
[2, 4]

Python Program to Differentiate Between type() and isinstance()

Shows difference.

Source Code
class B: pass
class C(B): pass
obj = C()
print(type(obj) is B)
print(isinstance(obj, B))
Expected Output
False
True

Python Program to Represent enum

Uses Enum.

Source Code
from enum import Enum
class Color(Enum):
    RED = 1
    GREEN = 2
print(Color.RED.name, Color.RED.value)
Expected Output
RED 1

Python Program to Return Multiple Values From a Function

Returns a tuple.

Source Code
def stats(a, b):
    return a+b, a*b
print(stats(3,4))
Expected Output
(7, 12)

Python Strings Basics

Concatenate, format, and slice strings.

Source Code
s = "Hello, Python"
print(s.lower())
print(s.upper())
print(s[0:5])
print(f"Length: {len(s)}")
Expected Output
hello, python
HELLO, PYTHON
Hello
Length: 13

Python Program to Find the Square Root

Computes square root using math module.

Source Code
import math
print(math.sqrt(16))
Expected Output
4.0

Python Core Concepts & Decision Breakdown

CategoryCore ConceptsPrimary Use CaseOfficial Docs
Primitives & Basicsint, float, str, boolBasic arithmetic, logic checks, string formattingBuilt-in Types
Data Structureslist, tuple, dict, setCollections, lookup maps, data filteringData Structures
Control Flowif/else, for, while, try/exceptIteration, conditional execution, error handlingControl Flow
OOP & Modulardef, class, lambda, importObject orientation, modularization, reusabilityClasses & OOP

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Frequently Asked Questions

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for readable syntax. Practicing with runnable examples accelerates learning by reinforcing concepts through immediate feedback.

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Yes. The programs cover foundational topics including arithmetic, strings, lists, dictionaries, recursion, algorithms, and file operations commonly tested in coding interviews.

Yes. All snippets use standard Python 3 syntax and libraries, ensuring cross-platform compatibility across Windows, macOS, Linux, and web-based environments.

Learn Python by Practicing Examples

Hands-on practice is the fastest way to understand Python. Each example focuses on a single concept—from variables, strings, lists, and dictionaries to loops, functions, classes, exceptions, and file I/O. Modify examples, add new functions, and see how clean design leads to readable, maintainable code.

Use our tools to deepen learning: the Python Compiler to run snippets, the Python Official Docs for language standards, and the Python Tutorial for structured lessons.

Beginner-Friendly

Start with variables, operators, and control flow. Build confidence with small, readable programs.

Practical Patterns

Practice lists, dicts, comprehensions, functions, classes, exceptions, and file handling.

Grow Skills

Explore generators and decorators to write expressive, reusable code.